Depends on your definition of "radioactive waste". From the figures I've seen, coal fly ash is pretty similar to say granite in terms of overall activity and isotopic composition. It doesn't seem to enhance the concentration to the same worrying levels that say rare earth mining does, probably because the radioisotopes and all the other unwanted non-carbon trash is heavily diluted by all the carbon.
I'm sure you know this because you read the article (lol) but the plant was shuttered due to lack of energy demand. So it isn't a question of coal vs. bitcoin, it's a question of beautiful lake frontage vs. bitcoin.
No, but it's an important distinction to make since NG produces half the emissions of coal for the same energy output. Using an NG plant to mine Bitcoin is stupid enough, no need to lie to make it seem even worse.
Vaccinated people have a lower viral load, thus are less contagious, thus lower the R1.
If the r1 is below 1, then you eventually get to herd immunity. The more vaccinated people there are, the less dangerous the disease is, and the less contagious it becomes.
Herd immunity is not binary: it's a gradient, and if you are on the right side, things get better.
it's defense in depth, and if masks, which are literally dirt cheap and only a minor inconvenience are even somewhat effective, that adds to the overall mitigation efforts and should be mandated.
It's not hard folks.
"Turning off SMTP relay only prevents other people from getting spam. I'm not going to do that, even though it's a one line configuration change and doesn't really impact my use case. Moreover, the default should be open SMTP relay"
It’s also a matter of relative cost efficacy with reasonable effect sizes. Studies like this begin to empirically place magnitudes into different ballparks.
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/reliance-...