Israel/Judaea/Samaria was colonized by Rome, twice (and they were hardly the first, ancient Egypt colonized Israel too, and abandoned it, so did the Babylonians). The first time, for Romans, by Pompei.
Then, where the name comes from: Julius Caesar (yes, that guy) had to come back after the Jews revolted. So he beat them, again, and what did he do? He asked his court what the most insulting name would be for the Jews' land. Palestine was the answer. He then deported 2/3 of the population, creating the Jewish diaspora.
Palestine back then referred to some ruins, ironically once located almost in Gaza (but long destroyed by muslims), left by pirates that lived there that were famous for getting the choice from Rome: either stop attacking Roman vessels or be exterminated to the last man, woman, and child. They chose extermination, and to make matters worse, they attacked 3 Roman vessels and killed the child of ... I forgot, but one of the main Senators, as their way of refusing the Roman offer. Like I said, it's one of the very few places where the Roman chose to exterminate the local population. Not much is known about the actual Palestinians, because muslims destroyed the evidence.
The name was associated in the Roman Empire with violence to the point of stupidity. Violence, in the sense of fighting until death, not out of bravery, but out of shear stupidity, until things end very badly for everyone involved. All of this happened 700 years before islam ever existed.
That name stuck, because muslims merely conquered the Eastern Roman Empire, they didn't really change things, not even the names. The British named it "Mandate Palestine" (which is why, ironically, the eldest road signs in Israel are English + Hebrew, and only the modern state Israel chose to add arabic to the road signs).
The British divided historical Israel into Palestina Transjordan and Palestina. This is why, when Israel became independent, the Jews chose to rename Palestine to Israel. Although when time came for the Soviet Agent Yasser Arafat El-Masri (arabic for "the Wise Egyptian") to choose a name, he picked "Palestinians", no doubt adding further insult to Jews by adopting the name Palestine to steal the identity of the Jews, and to fake history. Because of course, the name "Palestinians" before 1970 or so refers to Jews living in Israel, which is cynically exploited these days by pointing at historical documents pointing out "Palestinians" lived in Israel in, say, 1000AD. True, of course, but they were (majority) Jewish and spoke Hebrew, but yes, that group was then called Palestinians. Or they say that Israeli Politicians had "Palestinian passports" (true, of course, as Britain issued passports in that name, and never is asked or answered why the 1970s Black September/PLO Palestinians, for example Arafat, DID NOT have such a passport ...)
South Africa was indeed settled by Europeans, the Dutch (the difference with colonizing being when the Dutch arrived, there was nobody there, or at least that's what their books say). The islamic empires colonized as far as Zanzibar, but not quite South Africa. They did organize slave raids into South Africa but never conquered it (the reason has to do with how slavery works in islam), in fact fighting Islamic slave raids is why the 2 South African kingdoms (in the mountains, not really close to the Dutch colony) were created.
Vietnam was colonized by Chinese kingdoms at least twice (and abandoned at least twice) before the Europeans arrived.
South Africa was indeed settled by Europeans, the Dutch (the difference with colonizing being when the Dutch arrived, there was nobody there, or at least that's what their books say). The islamic empires colonized as far as Zanzibar, but not quite South Africa. They did organize slave raids into South Africa but never conquered it (the reason has to do with how slavery works in islam), in fact fighting Islamic slave raids is why the 2 South African kingdoms (in the mountains, not really close to the Dutch colony) were created.
Vietnam was colonized by Chinese kingdoms at least twice (and abandoned at least twice) before the Europeans arrived.